Solar Materials

Synonyms
1-[3-(Methoxycarbonyl)propyl]-1-phenyl-[6.6]C61, 3′H-Cyclopropa[1,9] [5,6]fullerene-C60-Ih-3′-butanoic acid 3′-phenyl methyl ester, PCBM, [60]PCBM

General Description
[6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) is a methanofullerene that has a better diffusion in organic molecules than fullerenes(C60). It has high electron mobility which allows it to be used as an electron acceptor in major electrochemical applications.

Applications
Soluble n-channel organic semiconductor. For use as an n-type layer in plastic electronics, especially bulk heterojunction OFETs and photovoltaic cells (PVs).
[60]PCBM is an n-type semi-conductor widely used as an a electron transport material with low cost and high surface area in different energy based applications like organic photovoltaics (OPVs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs) and photodetectors

Synonyms
1-[3-(Methoxycarbonyl)propyl]-1-phenyl-[6.6]C61, 3′H-Cyclopropa[1,9] [5,6]fullerene-C60-Ih-3′-butanoic acid 3′-phenyl methyl ester, PCBM, [60]PCBM

General Description
[6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester ([60]PCBM) is a methanofullerene that has a better solubility in organic solvents than fullerenes(C60). It has high electron mobility, which enables its function as an electron acceptor in electrochemical applications.

Applications
Soluble n-channel organic semiconductor. For use as an n-type layer in plastic electronics, especially bulk heterojunction OFETs and photovoltaic cells (PVs).
[60]PCBM is an n-type semi-conductor widely used as an electron transport material with low cost and high surface area in different energy based applications like organic photovoltaics (OPVs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), field effect transistors (FETs) and photodetectors

Synonyms
4,4,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,11-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-4,10-dihydrodithienyl[1,2-b:4,5b′ ]benzodithiophene-2,8-diyl)bis(2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5,6-dichloro-1-ylidene)malononitrile), NFA147, PCE147

CAS No
2197167-51-2

General Description
BT-CIC is a highly efficient, ultra-narrow bandgap, NIR absorbing, non-fullerene acceptor, designed to use in high performance organic photovoltaic devices.
A recently reported tandem cell, employing BT-CIC as the non-fullerene acceptor and PCE-10 as donor for the back cell showed an PCE of 15%.

Device performance:
Tandem [Front] (170 nm DTDCPB:C70 + ARC) [Back]PCE-10:BTCIC (1:1.5, 75 nm)
Jsc=13.3 ± 0.3 mA/cm2
Voc=1.59 ± 0.01 V
FF=0.71± 0.01
PCE=15.0% ± 0.3%
ARC: an antireflection coating

Synonyms
Cesium monoiodide

General Description
Cesium iodide anhydrous can be used as a precursor or component in the synthesis of the perovskite absorber layer in perovskite solar cells. By introducing cesium iodide into the perovskite composition, the bandgap of the material can be tuned to better match the solar spectrum, optimizing the light absorption and energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Cesium iodide finds application in synthesis of perovksites based photovoltaic materials. Our perovskite grade CsI can readily be dissolved in 1:1 vol DMF/DMSO to yield 1M solution.

Features & Benefits
Frequently used in devices such as phosphor screens for medical imaging, scintillators, calorimeters and a variety of particle detectors.

Packing
Packaged in ampules

Legal Information
AnhydroBeads is a trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Synonyms
2,2′-[[4,4,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,11-dihydrothieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[2,3-d]thieno[2′′′′,3′′′′:4′′′,5′′′]thieno[2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′]pyrano[2′′,3′′:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]pyran-2,9-diyl]bis[methylidyne(5,6-difluoro, NFA146, O6T-4F, PCE146

CAS No
2184266-44-0

General Description
COi8DFIC or O6T-4F is a highly efficient, n-type, low-bandgap nonfullerene acceptor with strong NIR absorption.
In a recent study, COi8DFIC or O6T-4F was selected in a Tandem cell by computer assited design and gave a record PCE of 17.3∃% for fabricated organic solar cells.
COi8DFIC or O6T-4F is frequently selected to blend with a narrow-bandgap donor material and another narrow bandgap acceptor material to fabricate ternary organic solar cells. The PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC:PC71BM ternary cells offered a PCE of 14.08%. By further adopting a post-annealing process, an outstanding PCE of 14.62% can be achieved. Furthermore, the device utilizing COi8DFIC exhibited a good thermal stability with PCEs over 13.5% in a wide temperature range (70–160 °C).

Application
COi8DFIC is primarily utilized as a non-fullerene acceptor in OPV devices. It exhibits a broad absorption spectrum, enabling it to absorb light across a wide range of wavelengths, including the visible and near-infrared regions. This property allows for efficient utilization of a broader range of solar radiation, enhancing the light-harvesting capability of the OPV device. COi8DFIC can be employed as the electron transport material in OFET devices.
COi8DFIC or O6T-4F is a highly efficient, n-type, low-bandgap nonfullerene acceptor with strong NIR absorption
In a recent study, COi8DFIC or O6T-4F was selected in a Tandem cell by computer assited design and gave a record PCE of 17.3% for fabricated organic solar cells.

Tandem Cell Device performance:
ITO/ZnO/PFN-Br/PBDB-T:F-M/M-PEDOT/ZnO/PTB7- Th:O6T-4F:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag
Voc=1.642 V
Jsc=14.35 mA/cm2
FF=73.7%
PCE=17.3%
COi8DFIC or O6T-4F is frequently selected to blend with a narrow-bandgap donor material and another narrow bandgap acceptor material to fabricate ternary organic solar cells. The PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC:PC71BM ternary cells offered a PCE of 14.08%. By further adopting a post-annealing process, an outstanding PCE of 14.62% can be achieved. Furthermore, the device utilizing COi8DFIC exhibited a good thermal stability with PCEs over 13.5% in a wide temperature range (70-160 °C).

Device structure:
ITO/ZnO/PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag
Before annealing
Voc=0.702 V
Jsc=27.74 mA/cm2
FF=0.701
PCE=13.65%

After annealing at 80°C
Voc=0.727 V
Jsc=27.39 mA/cm2
FF=0.734
PCE=14.62%
COi8DFIC, an efficient non-fullerene acceptor material, has a strong near-infrared range (NIR) light absorption. It can be used as an n-type small molecule acceptor material for the fabrication of polymeric solar cells.

Synonyms
(BA)₂(MA)Pb₂I₇, 2D perovskite, Bis(butylammonium) methylammonium heptaiododiplumbate

General Description
We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product has been enhanced for “Energy efficiency”.

Applications
2D perovskites have been used as the active material in may applications such as light emmiting diodes,[1] phototransistors,[2] and solar cells.[3] Unlike 3D perovskites, these layered materials give higher moisture stability and longer device lifetimes.

Synonyms
4,4,7,7,12,12-octyl-7,12-dihydro- bis[methylidyne(3-oxo-methyl-1H indene-2,1(3H)-diylidene)]]bis-4H-thieno[2″,3″:1′,2′]indeno[5′,6′:5,6]-s-indaceno[1,2-b]thiophene, FTIC-C8C8M

CAS No
2239303-91-2

General Description
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are currently a major focus of research in the development of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs). In contrast to the widely used fullerene acceptors (FAs), the optical properties and electronic energy levels of NFAs can be designed and readily tuned. NFA-based OSCs can also achieve greater thermal stability and photochemical stability, as well as longer device lifetimes, than their FA-based counterparts. Recent developments have led to a rapid increase in power conversion efficiencies for NFA OSCs, with values now exceeding 15% in a single junction cell, and >17% for a tandem cell, demonstrating the viability of using NFAs to replace FAs in next-generation high-performance OSCs.

Application
F-M is a non-fullerene acceptor that absorbs visible light, when used in a front cell paired with NIR absorbing rear cell, the resulted tandem organic solar cell gave a record energy conversion efficiency of 17.3%.[1]

Tandem Cell Device performance:
ITO/ZnO/PFN-Br/PBDB-T:F-M/M-PEDOT/ZnO/PTB7- Th:O6T-4F:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag
Voc=1.642 V
Jsc=14.35 mA/cm2
FF=73.7%
PCE=17.3%

Synonyms
Formamidine Hydroiodide, methanimidamide hydroiodide

General Description
We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product has been enhanced for energy efficiency. Click here for more details.

Application
Formamidinium iodide (FAI) is a compound that finds significant application in the field of photovoltaics, particularly in the development of perovskite solar cells. Formamidinium-based perovskite materials derived from FAI have also shown potential in other optoelectronic applications. These include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors and lasers.
Organohalide based perovskites have emerged as an important class of material for solar cell applications[1][2][3][4]. Our perovskites precursors with extremely low water contents are useful for synthesizing mixed cation or anion perovskites needed for the optimization of the band gap, carrier diffusion length and power conversion efficiency of perovskites based solar cells.

Synonyms
Conductive ink, Electrochemically exfoliated graphene ink, G/PEDOT:PSS, Graphene ink

Cas No.
–

General description

• Graphene preparation method: Electrochemical exfoliation.
• Graphene thickness by AFM: 80%, 1-3 layers.
• Sheet size by AFM: 10 μm.
• Oxygen content: 7.5% (by XPS) (C/O-ratio: 12.3).
• Raman I_D/I_G ratio: 0.4.
• Sheet resistance: 4.8 kΩ/sq.
• Typical properties of films produced thereof (after spray coating):
  a) 11 nm film: 90% transmittance, 1200 Ω/sq (as made).
  b) 20 nm film: 80% transmittance, 500 Ω/sq (as made).

Synonyms
Lead bromide, Lead dibromide, Plumbous bromide

Cas No.
10031-22-8

Application
Lead bromide finds application in synthesis of perovksites based photovoltaic materials[1][2]. Our perovskite grade PbBr2 can readily be dissolved in DMF: DMSO (1:1) to yield 1M solution.
Lead(II) Bromide is a key component in the fabrication of the perovskite absorber layer in perovskite solar cells. It is commonly combined with other metal halides, such as methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3), to form the perovskite structure. The high purity level and trace metal basis of the material contribute to the efficiency and stability of the resulting solar cells.

Packaging
5 g in ampule

Legal Information
AnhydroBeads is a trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Synonyms
Lead diiodide

Cas No.
10101-63-0

General description
Lead(II)iodide is a wide bandgap (2.32 eV) semiconductor material. It has uniqueproperties like high resistivity, chemical stability, and a wide range oftemperature applications (−200 °C up to +130 °C). Perovskites with lead as the central cation produce the bestphotovoltaic efficiency. We offer lead iodide, specifically designed forenhanced solar cell performance.

Application
Lead iodide finds application in synthesis of perovskites based photovoltaic materials.[1][2] Our perovskite grade PbI2 can readily be dissolved in DMF to yield 1M solution.
Lead(II) iodide (PbI2) in perovskite grade refers to high-purity lead iodide specifically used for the synthesis and fabrication of perovskite materials, such as formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) or methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI3), which are commonly studied for perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. The high purity of lead(II) iodide perovskite grade contributes to the efficiency, stability and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells.

Other Notes
Very air and moisture sensitive. Please handle under argon atmosphere in a glove box.

Synonyms
Lead diiodide

Cas No.
10101-63-0

General description
Lead(II)iodide is a wide bandgap (2.32 eV) semiconductor material. It has uniqueproperties like high resistivity, chemical stability, and a wide range oftemperature applications (−200 °C up to +130 °C). Perovskites with lead as the central cation produce the bestphotovoltaic efficiency. We offer lead iodide, specifically designed forenhanced solar cell performance.

Application
Lead iodide finds application in synthesis of perovskites based photovoltaic materials.[1][2] Our perovskite grade PbI2 can readily be dissolved in DMF to yield 1M solution.
Lead(II) iodide (PbI2) in perovskite grade refers to high-purity lead iodide specifically used for the synthesis and fabrication of perovskite materials, such as formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) or methylammonium lead iodide(MAPbI3), which are commonly studied for perovskite solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. The high purity of lead(II) iodide perovskite grade contributes to the efficiency, stability and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells.

Other Notes
Very air and moisture sensitive. Please handle under argon atmosphere in a glove box.

Synonyms
Methanamine hydrobromide, methylamine hydrobromide

Cas No.
6876-37-5

General description
We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product has been enhanced for “Energy efficiency”.

Application
Methylammonium bromide (MABr) is used as an additive in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells. It helps improve the crystal quality and stability of the perovskite films, leading to enhanced photovoltaic performance.
Organohalide based perovskites have emerged as an important class of material for solar cell applications[1][2][3][4]. Our perovskites precursors with extremely low water contents are useful for synthesizing mixed cation or anion perovskites needed for the optimization of the band gap, carrier diffusion length and power conversion efficiency of perovskites based solar cells.

Disclaimer

• Extremely hygroscopic.
• Handle in glove box.
• Handle and store under nitrogen atmosphere.

Synonyms
Methanamine hydrobromide, Methylamine, hydrobromide

Cas No.
6876-37-5

General description
We are committed to bringing you Greener Alternative Products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Greener Chemistry. This product has been enhanced for energy efficiency. Find details here.

Application
Methylamine hydobromide is an important precursor for the preparation of perovskite photoactive layers for solar energy conversion[1].
Methylammonium bromide (MABr) can be used as a precursor in the preparation of methylammonium lead bromide based perovskite material with good optical properties, which include green emission, and photoluminescence. This material can further be utilized in the fabrication of renewable energy devices such as light emitting diodes(LEDs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and photovoltaic cells.[2][3][4]